Flight

Brainstorm: What are the forces acting on an aircraft?

1.   Drag
2.   Lift
3.   Gravity/Weight
4.  Thrust

How can we overcome some of these forces?

Force	Their effect on a plane	How to overcome them?
Gravity / Weight	Makes it go down	By making things lighter
Drag	Makes it go slower	Steamline
Lift	Makes it go up	By making things lighter
Thrust	Makes it go foward	Powerful engine.

Building a light aircraft

Aim: To build an aircraft made of material that is best suited for flight using the 4 forces.

Hypotheis: I think that by..

Planes

Aim: To look at the 4 main forces of flying and how these can be overcome.

Hypothesis: I think that our plane was very heavy.

Method: Working in pairs you are going to make a paper wing and experiment with it.

1. Make a paper wing out of A4 paper 
2. On the field you will need to record and observe how 5 different changes affect the way it flies.

Plane type	How does it behave?	Time ( secs)
Paper sheet, drop	It drops to the ground.	1s 45ms
Paper with fold down middle, drop	It wobbled to the ground	1s 71ms
Paper with fold and 1 paper clip, drop	It just went down on to the ground.	1s 95ms
Fold, 2 clips, rudder, drop	It swayed until it touch the ground.	1s 69ms
Fold, 2 clips, rudder throw	it went straight and slowly when down the it touched the floor.	3s 20ms

Findings:
With unfolded paper  it just dropped to the ground it took 1s 45 it was the fasted time because it was lighter.When we folded it it got heaver and the timer went longer.Then we folded it 6 times and add a paper clip.Then we added 2 paper clips and it made the timer go slower as you can see.

Interacting Spheres

                                                            

1.     A tree is blown down by wind-Atmosphere                                  

                                                                                                                  

2.     A person gets caught in the rain-Hydrosphere                             

                                

3.     Hail damages a sugar cane crop-Hydrosphere&Biosphere

4.     Air next to the ground becomes warm-Atmosphere&Lithosphere

    

5.     Water vapor condenses-Lithosphere&Hydrosphere

6.     Lightning strikes a park ranger-Biosphere

7.     A flash flood forms-Hydrosphere

8.     A puddle seeps into the ground-Lithosphere&Hydrosphere

9.     Cumulonimbus clouds form-Hydrosphere

10.   A tornado destroys a zoo-Atmosphere-Biosphere

1.      A volcanic eruption at sea-Atmosphere,Lithosphere,Hydrosphere
2.      A hurricane in Fiji that kills 20 people-Atmosphere,Hydrosphere,Lithosphere,Biosphere
3.      A snowfall in Africa-Hydrosphere,Biosphere

Old car in river-Hydrosphere,Biosphere      

Plane-Atmosphere,Hydrosphere
Guy swimming-Hydrosphere,Biosphere    

Spheres

The 4 Spheres

Biosphere

Hydrosphere

Lithosphere

Atmosphere

The biosphere also known as the ecosphere, is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems. It can also be termed the zone of life on Earth, a closed system, and largely self-regulating.

The hydrosphere is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet or natural satellite.

Lithosphere is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet, or natural satellite, that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties.

An atmosphere is a layer or a set of layers of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body.

1. How much of the earth is made up by hydrosphere? 70%
2. How much of the earth is made up by lithosphere / ground?30%
3. What is the atmosphere made up of?78%nitrogen/21% oxygen
4. What does the biosphere contain?The biosphere contains all aspects of life.